rajatarangini was translated into persian by

We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. He subdued several enemies. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Published online by Cambridge University Press: He was (I.191) the first of his race. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in the court of Harsha of Kashmir. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. His book Tuti Namah (book of the parrot), written in the time of Muhammad Tughluq, was a Persian translation of Sanskrit stories. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Verse 11. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. Established the city of. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American The translation of the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian was its most outstanding achievement. Brought up by, Within 6months of Bhikshachara's ascension, Sussala recovered his capital, leading to a civil war. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Son of Jayapida and Durgi. 'Great King')[29] and ruled from 1418 to 1470. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? Duke University Press publishes approximately one hundred books per year and He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. He wanted his court poets to interpret the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana, and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Son of Aksha. These include: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. He assigned the work to a few officials to translate the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language, the literary language of the Mughal court. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. Son of Durlabhaka and Shrinarendraprabha. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. He brought back the Brahmans who had fled from Kashmir following the treachery of Mirza. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Rajatarangini . His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions He called back the Hindus who left Kashmir during his father's reign. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. Verse 7. [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a social and educational reformer, was an idealist who contributed immensely in eradicating social evils prevalent in the society during the 18th century.He was popularly known as "Father of Modern India". Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Another television serial based on this work has been completed by National Award winning director, Jyoti Sarup. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. He erected a monument at. Answer: [C] Jonaraja Notes: Sultan Sikandar established a department to translate Sanskrit works into Persia and vice versa in Kashmir. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian at his instance. . for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Kalhana wrote it was brilliantly prepared for the work. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. 1 Toramana is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price Owing to the pervasive distraction of COVID-19, Malayalam readers may have missed a notable event: the first translation into their language of a 12th century Sanskrit classic, Comments have to be in English, and in full sentences. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE. This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. Abu l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. A Shaivite during whose reigns Buddhists also flourished. He established a university in Naushehra and a Darul Tarjuma. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10years. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". 2 What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. Wife of Damodara. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. Sultan Sikandar (1389-1413 CE), was the sixth ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty. The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. He filled his court with, Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II), According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of, Younger brother of Vikramaditya. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). Eventually the Karkota dynasty ended and a grandson of Utpala became king. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. The Rajatarangini was written in Sanskrit by Kalhana, who was a Kashmiri Brahmin. Among original compositions in Persian, historical literature easily occupied the first place. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Raman Menon, an erudite scholar in both Sanskrit and Malayalam during his time. Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work, Rajatarangini, and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. [9][10][11], According to Wink, Shah Mir may have been an Afghan or a Qaruna Turk, or even a Tibetan. Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. Total loading time: 0 The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBalochRafiq1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchimmel1980 (, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00, Baharistan-i-Shahi Chapter 3 EARLY SHAHMIRS, "Buddhism and Islam in Kashmir as Represented by Rjataragi Authors", "This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. Translations. Toromanu is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications This article examines two translations of the textone Orientalist and the other nationalistwith the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. After his family, Godhara of another family ruled (I.95). Kalhana describes the rules of Toramana and, After the Huna, Meghavahana of the Gonandiya family was brought back from. Rajatarangini/Original languages It is by late Vidwan T.K. Concerning past occasions. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. After his death, the queen committed. He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). Learn more topics related to Ancient History of India, Download lessons and learn anytime, anywhere with the Unacademy app, Access free live classes and tests on the app. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. Prominent among them were Kota Bhat and Udyashri. You can try more lenient search to get some results. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Subscribe here. recognized as the most authoritative and prestigious publication in the that the material was genuinely picky. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. Kavya as a genre has had a prominent place in traditional Malayalam poetics, so the austere aesthetics of Kalhanas work will strike a chord with readers, particularly those with a yen for that stimulating mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam of yore, termed Manipravala. Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Feature Flags: { In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor. What is the best compliment to give to a girl? He was said to belong to the family of an ancestor called Partha, who was described as a second Partha (an allusion to the Mahabharata hero Arjuna). (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. No examples found, consider adding one please. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. His family ruled for many generations. He was a vyavahari (perhaps merchant) who along with others who owned villages like him had set up little kingdoms during the last days of Karkotas. Died young. The. The relative Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. Request Permissions. Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: Zain-ul-Abidin was also known as 'the Akbar of Kashmir'. Ruler of Kashgar (Central Asia) once attacked Kashmir with a large army. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. After Vikramadityas death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Some of the architectural projects commissioned by the dynasty in Kashmir include: Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar. Verse 13. In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. ). He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. For instance, Marcus Aurel Stein (1900) thought the way of talking and instructional pieces of the Rajatarangini that were in kvya style was essentially detached with the story legitimate, which was recorded, while Buhler arraigned the retreat to legend and fantasy as delivering the sequence of a huge piece of the message worthless and its creator suspect. Son of Shankaravarman; ruled with help of his mother Sugandha; Murdered, Brother of Gopalavarman, died soon after ascending the throne. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. 2011 Duke University Press And with that touchstone, Kalhanas work can truly lay claim to an important place in world literature itself. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. Explanation: In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. The actual power was in hands of Jayadevi's brothers Padma, Utpalaka, Kalyana, Mamma and Dharmma. Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. for this article. They cannot be abusive or personal. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? In those authorities, Abul Fazl interpreted Ramayana into Persian. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Translation of " " into Persian . The chronicles only start to align with other evidence by book IV. Its heyday was the 13th and 14th centuries, broadly the period straddling the phase of Sanskrit literature to which Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. In recent years, it has developed its strongest reputation Son of Durlabhavardhana and Anangalekha. From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. Barring a successful invasion of Ladakh, Sikandar did not annex any new territory. Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. During Akbar's time the Ramayana and Mahabharata were also translated into Persian. What 3 things do you do when you recognize an emergency situation? Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. And 40 years after his passing, the translation has now been brought into publication thanks to the zealous efforts of a few lovers of classical literature. Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. After that, the English translation. A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. Abstract. After that, the English translation appeared under the aegis of the Asiatic Society in 1835 and the French translation in 1852. Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. Report Error In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. This was drained by the great rishi or sage, Kashyapa, son of Marichi, son of Brahma, by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla, derived from Sanskrit (Boar's Molar), (Varaha) meaning Boar + (Mula) meaning deep or root. He was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II in the year 1830 as he had gone to England as an envoy of the emperor. [6], On the other hand, the 15th century Kashmiri historian Jonaraja, writing in the court of Shah Mir's descendant Budshah, states that Shah Mir came to Kashmir along with his tribe from the country of Panchagahvara (identified as the Panjgabbar valley between Rajouri and Budhal). This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. Raman Menons translation attempts to preserve the essential characteristics of the original by adopting the Manipravalam diction. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. all exact any . His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. elsewhere. Sample translated sentence: Heill on sen thden puhdas asema Jehovan edess. field of Asian Studies. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Jonaraja It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Verse 11. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. But even this account is not fully reliable from a historical point of view. Indeed, in the imagined community of multilingual India, Sanskritic culture is the one indissoluble bond between Kashmir and Kerala, forever sanctified by the epoch-making mission of Keralas Shankaracharya, the enunciator of Advaita philosophy. Such striking historical details aside, the preeminent fact is that Kalhanas is a literary text of extraordinary merit. Later, in the time of Firuz, Sanskrit books on medicine and music were translated into Persian. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. November 1941, offering Asianists a wealth of information unavailable There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. This quarterly has been published regularly since In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Son of Ajitapida. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. He was known by his subjects as Bod Shah or Budshah (lit. Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). In the legacy of Sanskrit, Kashmir and Kerala can be said to have a unique fellowship of literary creativity, with icons like Bilhana and Somadeva in Kashmir and Shankara and Narayana Bhattathiri in Kerala. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. translator of the Rajataragini. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Badauni translated into Persian at Akbars This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru.

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